Carbon surfaces accrete waterborne PFAS molecules in a stream, then periodically de-fluorinates them Electro-Kinetically when concentrations on carbon surfaces become high enough over time. Piezo Electric Transducers then drive graphite electrodes generating surface energies in the order of 130 kcal /mol or greater, instantly destroying PFAS molecules having been previously captured and accumulated thereupon. Both electric charge and kinetic vibration are applied simultaneously to the carbon surfaces but only when needed over time to actually destroy the PFAS molecules in water or other fluidic media.

The free hydrogen ion from water electrolysis, H + OH, binds instantly to the liberated fluorine from the PFAS molecules as they spall off the carbon electrode surfaces making hydrogen fluoride, HF in water.

Aqueous PFAS molecules decompose instantly on contact with highly reactive vibrating electrically charged carbon surfaces generating energies in the order of 140 kcal / mol. Water itself needs 120 kcal / mol of energy for electrolysis whereby the free hydrogen reacts with the liberated fluorine ion. This makes hydrofluoric acid at levels commensurate with the ambient PFAS levels in the water being treated ( in ppm ). Calcium hydroxide then mineralizes the HF acid into Fluorite ( in ppm ) accordingly.

The PZT disc elements are made by; www.americanpiezo.com and were found to be very reliable and not affected by the extremely volatile electro-chemistry incident to the wetted outside cylindrical surfaces of their product. ( H + OH hydroxyls ) in the presence of high frequency kinetic strain. They behave very well considering.

Teflon tape is the PFAS source sample and is brought to bear against the surfaces of the vibrating electrically charged carbon electrodes. Shown here above is a preliminary iteration of the experiment with the PFAS ( Teflon tape is 100% PFAS.)

Whereas with the Teflon tape re-positioned & wrapped around the outside circumference of individual electrodes exclusively without bridging between any adjacent electrodes,.
HF gas was observed to be generated in the outgassing. The graph above shows the HF gas response over time. The sensor response time is 5 seconds per gas bump which matches the response time of the HF-10 sensor.

The turbulent water flow path geometry between the carbon electrodes generates a >99% statistical probability of waterborne PFAS molecules coming into contact with said carbon electrodes during their transit through the plurality of carbon surfaces in the water column..

**Graphite Carbon Electrodes & PZT Sandwich Array.**

The PZT discs are interlaced between the carbon electrode discs and are then pre-loaded with a substantial compressive force by a center bolt.

The lab set-up. The plastic tubing from the HF detector is venting to the outside through my lab window. Levels up to 10 ppm have been detected by Sensorix HF-10 numerous times. This arrangement sequesters and vents all HF gas.to the outside of the lab. Most of the HF makes weak hydrofluoric acid in the water and stays in the water, but some bubbles to the surface where it can be detected..

This prototype is currently being built in our lab as per the next phase of the SDS-100 Development curve based on our initial lab data results.

Currently in the build stages in the lab..

The Hydrogen Fluoride detector assembly sits atop the reactor vessel with a gas “bumping” fan switch that moves gas to the sensor inlet port from the reactor vessel. Surplus HF gas is evacuated from the apparatus ensemble via the plastic conduit to the outside.

**The HF-10 Sensor** is embedded in a gas sample plenum through it’s top and can be “bumped” with the gas inside the glass reactor vessel every 5 seconds during an experiment run. The sensor electronics can be zero calibrated with the control.

The Hydrogen Fluoride Detector is SGX-HF 10 from Sensorix, Amphenol GmbH. The HF marker gas shows it’s presence as in the graph. It is calibrated at 1 ppm of HF = 0.40 mV. and has a “cooking” response time of about 1 to 3 seconds. Hydrogen fluoride can only originate from the Teflon tape and serves well to validate it’s origin from the PFAS C-F molecular bond cleavage.

The **Apex PA-88 Op Amp** delivers up to **100W at 10 kHz** to the **PZT’s** . All electronics are onboard in this offering whereas just the **Transducer** **Stack** on the left here is available exclusively..
Water passes through the transducer assembly coaxially.. Work is in progress to make this stand-alone module compete with it’s own power supply and controls for further R&D.by others..

Block diagram of the lab set-up for the validation of the physics. The lab equipment is standard over the counter technology.