Electro-Kinetic Sulfate Removal in Ground Water at U.S. Steel Keetac
Electro-Kinetic Mineralization of Sulfates to Calcium Sulfate ( All Rights Reserved )

Up to 90 Million Gallons per day. Process Scalable & Controllable Throughputs.
Outdoor self contained off-grid passive solar powered installation using common standard lead acid batteries.

A surge holding tank provides flow continuity and filtration feeding the electrolysis modules in the solar enclosure that initiates the downstream electro-chemical reaction with calcium hydroxide making gypsum from the sulfate.

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Solar power and batteries provides off-grid autonomy with regards to the electrolysis module. All electrochemical processes functions are thus totally passive and require no additional power from the grid.
The in-line module can be integrated with any existing smaller diameter plumbing of about 8″ to 10″ diameter.
Easily maintained and serviced when needed. Electronically controlled power is applied to the steel and graphite electrodes in each reactor module providing reliability via plurality for failsafe 24 / 7 service and zero downtime in the event of a failure of any module.
All electro-mechanical and electrical components are service rated to minus 60 degrees C




Gypsum ( Calcium Sulfate ) and Calcium Carbonate precipitates onto the surfaces of iron and carbon plates immersed in the water flow path downstream from the calcium hydroxide point of infusion. These plates accrete the mineralized sulfate with the calcium hydroxide. They are mounted inside the accretion tank into slots along the tank walls and allow to be removed and replaced with a fresh set of plates quickly.

A Weatherproof Solarium provides a heated enclosure for the electrical components and PV solar cell as well as electrical power.
The Pilot Module; 6 Million Gal. / day


Shown without the solarium, the dimensions of a pilot installation appear to be well within conventional building practice and codes achievable in remote locations.
